The IPA-SAM phonetic fonts
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The IPA-SAM phonetic fonts are TrueType® fonts for use on IBM-compatible PCs running Windows. (They also work on Mac OSX.) With them installed, you can display phonetic symbols on the screen and print them out in any size. The IPA-SAM character set includes all the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet as currently recognized by the IPA. There are three typefaces: Doulos (similar to Times), Sophia (san serif) and Manuscript (similar to Courier, monospaced). All are available in regular, bold, italic, and bold italic.
The most useful phonetic symbols are mapped onto the keys of the ordinary keyboard. For example, if you type shift-D you get ð, while shift-C gives you ç; instead of the figure 2 you get ø and instead of the @ symbol you get a schwa. In this way you can immediately access all the symbols you need for the phonemic or broad-phonetic transcription of English, French, German, Spanish and many other languages. All the cardinal vowel symbols, primary and secondary, are here, together with a range of allophonic or general-phonetic symbols and stress marks (glottal stop, tapped r, dark l, r-coloured schwa, voiceless alveolar lateral fricative, palatalization diacritic, syllabicity mark, hacek, right arrow..). These key assignments are based on the SAM-PA recommendations.
The remaining IPA symbols -- numbering more than a hundred -- have been assigned to ANSI numbers in a logical order. They can be accessed by using the computer's numeric keypad while holding down the Alt key. All diacritics are 'floating', i.e. can be attached to any letter. There are also a number of phonetic symbols here that are seen in use from time to time although not (or no longer) recognized by the IPA.
To download, click on link.
You can either download the uncompressed individual fonts separately, or choose a compressed (zipped) file containing all of them, or a self-extracting file of them all.
Doulos:
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Sophia:
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Manuscript:
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| Also, as a special bonus, a font designed for work on tone and intonation, using iconic notation (e.g. O'Connor and Arnold or similar). Includes assorted dots (filled and empty, large and small, at various heights). |
Zipped file containing all the above fonts; or a self-extracting file containing them all.
Ipa File Downloads
Users of Microsoft Word for Windows (WinWord) can conveniently display the whole character set (once installed) by clicking on Insert Symbol and bringing the name of one of the IPA-SAM fonts (e.g. Ipa-samd) into the Font box. As an alternative to accessing the symbol via the keyboard or Alt+numeric, you can choose a symbol in this display and click on Insert. You can also, if you wish, customize shortcut keys for frequently used characters. You should disable some of the WinWord AutoCorrect functions - particularly those which automatically 'correct' i to I or disallow TWo INitial CApitals.
Users of any word processor running under Windows can use the Windows Character Map to locate the characters they want.
Users of WordPerfect for Windows already have a phonetic character set available in WPWin, but one with a number of disadvantages (may display or print in unexpected sizes; phonetic characters are in a san serif font only; but the velar nasal, for example, is regarded as an 'international' rather than as a phonetic symbol, and is available only in a serifed font). They will find the IPA-SAM fonts much more flexible. When printing from them, make sure to choose the Windows printer driver (not the WordPerfect printer driver). It will be necessary to disable some of the WPWin Quickcorrect functions: from Tools, chose QuickCorrect, then Options, then in Sentence Corrections turn off Capitalise First Letter, and in Double SmartQuotes turn off Double Quotes.
Users of WordPerfect 8 may encounter a problem printing certain characters -- particularly diacritics -- in the IPA fonts. To surmount this, set the code page within Wordperfect 8 as follows:-
Ipa Symbols Pronunciation
- From the Format menu select fonts.
- From the resulting Font window select font map.
- From the Edit Printer/Document Font Mapping window select Code Pages
- In the Face box select each of the IPA fonts in turn and set the Code page to 1252 Windows US Standard. (They will probably be set to Default initially).
Users of most word processing applications can conveniently create a macro to switch into the IPA-SAM font, rather than changing the font by hand. To return to the default font, hit Ctrl-space (MS Word) or Ctrl-N (AmiPro, WordPro); for WPWin you will need another special macro.

The IPA-SAM fonts are proprietary copyrighted Encore fonts created using Typecaster software supplied by the Summer Institute of Linguistics. However, they can now be downloaded free of charge (see above). If you prefer to have them supplied on diskette, you may purchase a diskette from the Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London.
A diskette with all three fonts, each in four combinations of style and weight, is available. For further details and how to order, please visit the Department's on-line shop: THE SHOP .
Ipa Download Site
Page maintained by J.C.Wells. Last revised 2009 | Phonetic symbols |
This list includes phonetic symbols for the transcription of English sounds, plus others that are used in this class for transliterating or transcribing various languages, with the articulatory description of the sounds and some extra comments where appropriate.
Minitab express free download mac. These symbols do not always follow the standard IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) usage — rather, they reflect the practices for the languages treated in this course, which are sometimes a bit idiosyncratic due to separate scholarly traditions. In some cases, a second line shows a different use of the same symbol, normally for another language or family of languages. Nevertheless, the list is by no means exhaustive; for example, most pinyin symbols for transcribing Mandarin are not listed here; see week 5.
You certainly don't need to memorize all these symbols, but you can use this page as a reference if you're not sure what a particular symbol means when you encounter it. Remember that you need a Unicode-compatible browser to see these symbols correctly. If you're not sure how to produce special symbols in your word processor, you can cut and paste from this page.
See the bottom of the page for diacritic marks on vowels.
| Symbol | Phonetic value | Example |
|---|---|---|
| a | low central (or front) unrounded vowel | French la |
| ä | central vowel ranging between [ɛ] and [ə] | Ethiopic |
| ɑ | low back unrounded vowel; often written [a] | spa |
| ɒ | low back rounded vowel | British hot |
| æ | low front unrounded vowel | cat, laugh, plaid |
| b | voiced bilabial stop | bib |
| ḇ | spirantized [b]; historically [β], modern [v] | Hebrew |
| β | voiced bilabial fricative | Spanish haber |
| c | voiceless alveolar affricate; IPA [ʦ] or [ts] | Italian zucchero, German zu, Yiddish tsimmes |
| č | voiceless palatoalveolar affricate; IPA [ʧ] or [tʃ] | church, watch |
| ɔ | lax mid back rounded vowel | dog (for many speakers) |
| ɕ | voiceless alveolopalatal fricative | Mandarin xi |
| ç | voiceless palatal fricative | German ich |
| d | voiced alveolar stop | dad |
| ḏ | palatalized [dʸ]; can be pronounced [ǰ] | Egyptian |
| or spirantized [d], same as [ð] | Ancient Hebrew | |
| ḍ | voiced retroflex stop; IPA [ɖ] | Indic |
| or emphatic, i.e. pharyngealized [dˁ] | Semitic | |
| ð | voiced dental fricative | this, either |
| e | tense mid front unrounded vowel | bait, made |
| ə | lax mid central vowel (unstressed in English); 'schwa' | about, sofa |
| ɚ | rhotacized schwa, essentially [ər] | butter, actor |
| ɛ | lax mid front unrounded vowel | bet, head |
| ɝ | stressed [ɚ] in English; often transcribed the same way | bird, learn |
| f | voiceless labiodental fricative | fife, laugh |
| g | voiced velar stop | gag |
| ḡ | spirantized [g]; same as [ɣ] | Ancient Hebrew |
| h | voiceless glottal fricative | hit |
| ʰ | aspiration of preceding sound | top vs. stop |
| ḥ | voiceless pharyngeal fricative; IPA [ħ] | Arabic hummus |
| ḫ | voiceless uvular fricative; same as [χ] | Egyptian, Semitic |
| ẖ | voiceless fricative; probably palatal [ç] | Egyptian |
| i | tense high front unrounded vowel | see, diva |
| ɪ | lax high front unrounded vowel | hit |
| ỉ | special transcriptional symbol; also [j] | Egyptian |
| ɨ | high central unrounded vowel | roses |
| j | voiced palatal glide; same as [y] in other systems | standard IPA; Mycenaean Greek |
| or alternate transliteration for [ỉ] | Egyptian | |
| ʲ | palatalization of preceding sound; also [ʸ] | roughly canyon vs. cannon |
| ǰ | voiced palatoalveolar affricate; IPA [ʤ] or [dʒ] | judge |
| k | voiceless velar stop | kick, cake |
| ḳ | voiceless uvular stop; same as [q] | Egyptian |
| ḵ | spirantized [k]; same as [x] | Ancient Hebrew |
| l | voiced alveolar lateral liquid | lip |
| ḷ | voiced retroflex lateral liquid; IPA [ɭ] | Indic |
| ɬ | voiceless alveolar lateral fricative | Semitic; Welsh 'll' |
| ɫ | velarized voiced alveolar lateral liquid | hull |
| m | voiced bilabial nasal | mom |
| n | voiced alveolar nasal | none |
| ŋ | voiced velar nasal; don't confuse with sequence [ŋg] | singer |
| ṇ | voiced retroflex nasal; IPA [ɳ] | Indic |
| ɲ | voiced palatal nasal | Spanish ñ, Italian gn |
| ɴ | voiced uvular nasal | Japanese word-final 'n' |
| o | tense mid back rounded vowel | go, hope, boat |
| ŏ | mid central unrounded vowel, similar to [ə] | Korean 'eo' |
| ɸ | voiceless bilabial fricative | (like blowing out a match) |
| θ | voiceless dental fricative | thing, myth |
| p | voiceless bilabial stop | pep |
| p̅ | spirantized [p]; historically [ɸ], modern [f] | Hebrew |
| þ | runic letter equivalent to [θ] | Icelandic |
| or runic letter that can be read as either [θ] or [ð] | Old English, some Scandinavian | |
| q | voiceless uvular stop | Arabic Qatar |
| r | voiced alveolar trill (often used for other types of 'r') | Spanish perro |
| ɹ | voiced (post)alveolar liquid, the English 'r'; often just written [r] | run, sorry |
| ɾ | voiced alveolar tap; sometimes written [ᴅ] | Am Engl city; Spanish pero |
| ʀ | voiced uvular trill | some French dialects, etc. |
| ʁ | voiced uvular fricative | French, German, Modern Hebrew 'r' |
| ṛ | voiced retroflex flap; IPA [ɽ] | Indic |
| s | voiceless alveolar fricative | sit, hiss, rice, cent |
| š | voiceless postalveolar fricative; IPA [ʃ] | ship, push, delicious |
| ś | voiceless alveolopalatal fricative; IPA [ɕ] | Indic |
| or voiceless alveolar fricative; historically distinct from [z] | Egyptian (often just 's') | |
| or voiceless fricative; historically distinct from [s] | Hebrew, other Semitic | |
| ṣ | voiceless retroflex fricative; IPA [ʂ] | Indic, Mandarin ('sh') |
| or emphatic, i.e. pharyngealized [sˁ] | Semitic | |
| ʃ | voiceless postalveolar fricative; same as [š] | ship, push, delicious |
| t | voiceless alveolar stop | stop |
| ṭ | voiceless retroflex stop; IPA [ʈ] | Indic |
| or emphatic, i.e. pharyngealized [tˁ] | Semitic | |
| ṯ | palatalized [tʸ]; can be pronounced [č] | Egyptian |
| or spirantized [t], same as [θ] | Ancient Hebrew | |
| ʨ | voiceless alveolopalatal affricate | Mandarin ji (cf. aspirated qi) |
| tʂ | voiceless retroflex affricate | Mandarin zhi (cf. aspirated chi) |
| u | tense high back rounded vowel | ooze, prune |
| ʊ | lax high back rounded vowel | put, book |
| ŭ | high central unrounded vowel, similar to [ɨ] | Korean 'eu' |
| ü | tense high front rounded vowel | French, German, Mandarin |
| v | voiced labiodental fricative | verve |
| ʌ | mid central unrounded vowel; stressed in English | cut, love |
| ɣ | voiced velar fricative | Spanish haga |
| w | voiced labial-velar glide | witch |
| ʍ | voiceless labial-velar fricative | which for some speakers |
| x | voiceless velar fricative | chutzpah, German ach |
| χ | voiceless uvular fricative | Semitic, Egyptian |
| y | voiced palatal glide (in many transcription systems); IPA [j] | yes |
| high front rounded vowel (in IPA) | French u, German ü | |
| ʸ | palatalization of preceding sound; IPA [ʲ] | roughly canyon vs. cannon |
| ʎ | voiced palatal lateral | Italian gli, Castilian ll |
| z | voiced alveolar fricative | fizz, his, rose |
| ẓ | voiced retroflex fricative; IPA [ʐ] | Indic, Mandarin ('r') |
| or emphatic, i.e. pharyngealized [zˁ] or [ðˁ] | Semitic | |
| ž | voiced palatoalveolar fricative; IPA [ʒ] | rouge, vision |
| ʒ | voiced palatoalveolar fricative; same as [ž] | rouge, vision |
| ’ | glottalization of preceding sound (ejective) | Mayan, Ethiopic |
| ‘ | aspiration of preceding sound; same as [ʰ] | Chinese (not Pinyin) |
| ʔ | glottal stop; also written ’ or ʾ | medial sound in uh-oh |
| ʕ | voiced pharyngeal fricative; also written ‘ or ʿ | Arabic ‘ayn |
The following examples illustrate diacritic marks that can be added to other symbols, in particular vowels. The same accent or other mark may in some cases appear with more than the vowel symbols shown, or with a subset for cases where more than one function is encountered.
| Examples | Phonetic value | Languages |
|---|---|---|
| ā ē ī ō ū ǖ | high level tone (= Mandarin 'tone 1') | Chinese |
| or long vowel | Japanese, Greek, etc. | |
| á é í ó ú ǘ | rising tone (= Mandarin 'tone 2') | Chinese |
| or primary stress | Modern Greek, Spanish, etc. | |
| or 'acute accent' | Classical Greek | |
| or equivalent to subscript 2 for distinguishing homophones | Sumerian | |
| ǎ ě ǐ ǒ ǔ ǚ | falling-rising tone (= Mandarin 'tone 3') | Chinese |
| à è ì ò ù ǜ | falling tone (= Mandarin 'tone 4') | Chinese |
| or secondary stress | many transcriptions | |
| or 'grave accent' | Classical Greek | |
| or word-final stress | Italian | |
| or equivalent to subscript 3 for distinguishing homophones | Sumerian | |
| â ê î ô û | long vowel that results from two short vowels | Akkadian, other Semitic |
| or any long vowel | Cree, etc. | |
| or 'circumflex accent' | Classical Greek |
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